@Book{CitationKey,
title = {{Measuring Emotions in Electronic Auctions}},
publisher = {KIT Scientific Publishing},
year = {2010},
author = {Marc T. P. Adam},
address = {Karlsruhe},
url = {http://digbib.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de/volltexte/1000018894},
abstract = {Auctions are nowadays a popular and frequently employed market
mechanism in electronic markets. In economic literature, the success of electronic
auctions has been largely attributed to the reduction of transaction costs,
the large number of potential buyers, and the independence of time and space.
However, an additional explanation for the success of electronic markets, and
in particular Internet consumer auctions, is the hedonic or emotional value
bidders derive from auction participation. The emotionality bidders experience
in Internet auctions confronts a market engineer of electronic markets with
two important challenges, regarding both the auction mechanism design and the
user interface design. First, how can an auction system induce emotionality
and, thus, attract excitement oriented consumers? Second, what is the impact
of emotionality on bidding behavior? In order to approach both challenges, a
market engineer needs to be able to actually measure emotions in electronic
auctions. This thesis develops a structured methodology that allows to
systematically analyze emotions in electronic auctions. It provides a unified
framework for emotional bidding in electronic auctions, which comprises the
bidders' processes of cognitive reasoning and emotional processing. Moreover,
a methodology for measuring physiological correlates of human emotional processing
in economic experiments is proposed: physioeconomics. Physioeconomics extends
existing methods of experimental economics by measuring autonomic nervous system
activity using well-established psychophysiological methodology in order to
gain a profound understanding of human economic decision-making. Based on the
framework for emotional bidding and the methodology of physioeconomics, this
thesis describes how emotions and their impact can be measured in electronic
ascending auctions, and provides a proof-of-concept study. Moreover, an experiment
was conducted in order to analyze the impact of clock speeds on the bidders'
emotional processing and behavior in Dutch auctions. Several previous experimental
studies have discovered that the sellers' revenues in Dutch auctions depend
on the speed at which the standing price is decreased: Slow Dutch auctions
generally yield higher revenues than fast Dutch auctions. This effect is commonly
explained by the conjecture that participants experience a ``utility of suspense''
which is stronger in fast Dutch auctions. The experiment in this thesis provides
physiological evidence for a utility of suspense in Dutch auctions, further
characterizes the elicited emotional state bidders experience, and investigates
how this emotional state is reflected in bidding behavior. Furthermore,
characteristic patterns of bidders' emotional processing in Dutch auctions are
identified. It is shown (1) that inducing a bidder with an independent private
valuation directly influences her level of arousal, and (2) that the heart rate
of the winning bidder momentarily decreases about two seconds before she places
her bid.}}

					

@Article{CitationKey,
author = {Astor, P. J. and Adam, Marc T. P. and J\"{a}hnig, Caroline and Seifert,
Stefan},
title = {{The joy of winning and the frustration of losing: A psychophysiological
analysis of emotions in first-price sealed-bid auctions}},
journal = {Journal of Neuroscience, Psychology, and Economics},
year = {2013},
abstract = {Research on emotions suggests that auction outcomes may elicit an
aversive “frustration of losing,” as well as a rewarding “joy of winning”
response. However, little is known about the intensity of these emotional
reactions and how they relate to other factors in the auction process. In this
paper, we present an experiment in which subjects participated in a sequence
of first-price sealed-bid (FPSB) auctions. The psychophysiological measures
skin conductance response (SCR) and heart rate (HR) were recorded as proxies
for both the intensity and the valence of emotions. Our results show that the
deceleratory responses in HR when losing an auction are stronger than when winning
an auction. The drop in HR itself can be interpreted as a reaction to stimuli
with negative emotional valence. Moreover, we found that winning an auction
induces a stronger SCR compared to losing an auction. Interestingly, this effect
even holds for different value classes and different amounts of payoffs. Moreover,
we can show that bidders’ SCR.amp increase in the relation to the amount of
money at stake. However, we cannot make a definite determination as to whether
the valuation triggers this effect or the potential nominal payoff. We conclude
that psychophysiological methodologies are appropriate for the measurement of
rewarding, as well as immediate aversive emotions in market decision making,
and even allow identifying fined-grained emotional characteristics.}}

					

@Article{CitationKey,
author = {Adam, Marc T. P. and Kr\"{a}mer, Jan and Weinhardt, Christof},
title = {{Excitement up! Price Down! Measuring Emotions in Dutch Auctions}},
journal = {International Journal of Electronic Commerce},
year = {2012–13},
volume = {17},
pages = {7-39},
number = {2},
doi = {10.2753/JEC1086-4415170201},
abstract = {Recently Internet auction sites have begun to compete in emotions
by advertising the fun and excitement that bidders may experience during auction
participation. The implicit conjecture inherent in these advertisements is that
consumers derive a hedonic value from auction participation that makes exciting
auctions more attractive and possibly induces bidders to stay active longer
in the auction. We test this conjecture in a controlled economic laboratory
experiment in which we also measure bidders’ physiological arousal in terms
of heart rate and skin conductivity as proxies for their excitement during auction
participation. In particular, we conduct a series of descending price (Dutch)
auctions with different clock speeds and find that in fast Dutch auctions bidders
(i) are more excited and (ii) stay longer in the bidding process. Moreover,
the unpleasant event of losing a Dutch auction is experienced more strongly
than the rewarding event of winning. As our results show that bidders’ excitement
is directly reflected in final prices, Internet auction sites should carefully
consider how the emotions elicited on their platforms affect bidding behavior.}}

					

@Article{CitationKey,
author = {Schaaff, Kristina and Degen, Raphael and Adler, Nico and Adam, Marc
T. P.},
title = {{Measuring Affect Using a Standard Mouse Device}},
journal = {Biomedical Engineering/ Biomedizinische Technik},
year = {2012},
volume = {57},
pages = {761-764},
number = {Suppl. 1},
doi = {10.1515/bmt-2012-4013},
url =
{http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/bmte.2012.57.issue-s1-N/bmt-2012-4013/bmt-2012-4013.xml?format=INT}}

					

@Article{CitationKey,
author = {Adam, Marc T. P. and Kroll, Eike},
title = {{Physiological Evidence of Attraction to Chance}},
journal = {Journal of Neuroscience, Psychology, and Economics},
year = {2012},
volume = {5},
pages = {152-165},
number = {3},
doi = {10.1037/a0029513},
url = {http://psycnet.apa.org/journals/npe/5/3/152/}}

					

@Article{CitationKey,
author = {Adam, Marc T. P. and Kr\"{a}mer, Jan and J\"{a}hnig, Caroline and
Seifert, Stefan and Weinhardt, Christof},
title = {{Understanding Auction Fever: A Framework for Emotional Bidding}},
journal = {Electronic Markets},
year = {2011},
volume = {21},
pages = {197-207},
number = {3},
doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12525-011-0068-9},
url = {http://www.springerlink.com/content/e0451724342632lq},
abstract = {Auction fever is a multifaceted phenomenon that is frequently observed
in both traditional and Internet auctions. In order to gain a better understanding
of its causes, we develop a conceptual framework to analyze emotions in auctions,
which is based on an exhaustive literature review. The framework integrates
rational calculus with emotional aspects and suggests that emotional processing
is triggered at three different stages of an auction: First, the economic
environment can affect a bidder’s level of perceived competition and thus
influence the bidding strategy prior to the auction. Second, auction events
may have ramifications on the bidder's emotional state during the auction due
to previous investments or perceived ownership. Third, past auction outcomes
may impact future bidding behavior through emotions such as the joy of winning
or loser regret. Auction fever, eventually, is a phenomenon that results from
the interplay of these emotional processes and causes a bidder to deviate from
an initially chosen bidding strategy.}}

					

@Inproceedings{CitationKey,
author = {Gimpel, Henner and Adam, Marc T. P. and Teubner, Timm},
title = {{Emotion regulation in management: Harnessing the potential of NeuroIS
tools}},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 21st European Conference on Information Systems
(ECIS)},
year = {2013},
address = {Utrecht, The Netherlands},
abstract = {Management decisions are taken by human beings, not by robots.
Consequently, management decisions, and of course also the respective managers,
are affected by emotions. Thus, they rely on accurate emotional processing.
Research on decision making has shown that individuals with high emotion
regulation capabilities perform better in taking effective decisions. Managers
perpetually have to take rapid decisions in fast-paced environments, between
the poles of diverse interests and motives of colleagues, customers, partners,
and rivals. Sophisticated management is the key to any business. Therefore,
we argue that IS research should build on the advances in cognitive neuroscience
and harness the potential of NeuroIS tools in the field of management support.
In this paper, we propose a conceptual framework and taxonomy for how NeuroIS
tools may support managers in taking effective decisions by firstly improving
their emotion regulation capabilities and, secondly, providing them with real-time
feedback and decision support based on physiological measurements. Based on
the framework, we outline a specific application for how emotions can affect
decision making in the dynamic process of negotiations and for how NeuroIS
research can contribute to a better understanding of the underlying visceral
processes.}}

					

@Inproceedings{CitationKey,
author = {Hariharan, Anuja and Astor, Philipp and Adam, Marc},
title = {{Investigating Emotional Influences in a Single-Decision Trading
Experiment}},
booktitle = {Neuro Psycho Economics Conference},
year = {2013},
address = {Bonn, Germany},
abstract = {The utility theory has been an explanatory theory for investor
behavior—especially in realizing gains and losses. Realization of gains/losses
in itself is driven by a multitude of rational factors (such as expected cash
flows and risk) but also by behavioral reasons (like avoiding regret or seeking
pride). We explore the influences of prior gains and losses and stock properties
on subjects’ decisions to hold or sell. In order to do so we systematically
alter (i) the stocks’ probability for a price increase and (ii) the stake of
the price change in a two-stage experiment. Building on this design, the influence
of emotions on the decision to sell is further examined, by using questionnaires
and also objective measures (physiological responses in the form of heart rate
and skin conductance) as proxies for emotions. Economically, we observe that
the percentage of stocks sold is higher for stocks of low probability for a
price increase. Further, stocks of low valuation and high probability for a
price increase are significantly more often sold after a previous gain, opposed
to a previous loss. In terms of physiology, we report skin conductance amplitudes
before decision making, and observe whether responses between a gain and loss
in high/low valued stocks are different. A significant difference between gains
and losses of high valuation is revealed. A similar exploration of the phasic
heart rate reveals a significant difference between high and low valued gains.
Finally, we observe that the immediate emotions before decision making are
significantly different for high/low probability, in high valuation stocks.
While this suggests physiological evidence for the relationship between the
immediate emotions before price update and before decision-time, the reliability
of this link warrants further research. These findings are useful in analyzing
mitigating techniques for biases, and further work exploring the physiological
interrelationships for events before decision making needs to be pursued.}}

					

@Inproceedings{CitationKey,
author = {Adam, M.T.P. and Gimpel, H. and Teubner, T.},
title = {{Emotions in Dynamic Bargaining with Humans and Computer Agents}},
booktitle = {Gmunden Retreat on NeuroIS 2013 Proceedings},
year = {2013},
address = {Gmunden, Austria}}

					

@Inproceedings{CitationKey,
author = {Teubner, Timm and Hawlitschek, Florian and Adam, Marc T. P. and
Weinhardt, Christof},
title = {{Social Identity and Reciprocity in Online Gift Giving Networks}},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Forty-Sixth Annual Hawaii International Conference
on System Sciences (HICSS)},
year = {2013},
address = {Grand Wailea, Maui, USA},
pages = {708-717},
doi = {10.1109/HICSS.2013.489}}

					

@Inproceedings{CitationKey,
author = {Zhang, S. Sarah and Adam, Marc T. P. and Weinhardt, Christof},
title = {{Humans versus Agents: Competition in Financial Markets of the 21st
Century}},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Systems
(ICIS)},
year = {2012},
address = {Orlando, USA},
url = {http://aisel.aisnet.org/icis2012/proceedings/ResearchInProgress/54/},
abstract = {Information systems have revolutionized the nature of markets.
Traditionally, markets inherently comprised the strategic interaction of human
traders only. Nowadays, however, automated trading agents are responsible for
at least 60% of the US trading volume on financial stock markets. In this respect,
financial markets of the 21st century are different to markets of previous
centuries. Fuelled by discussions on their possible risks, there is a need for
research on the effects of automated trading agents on market efficiency and
on human traders. In order to systematically investigate these issues, we
introduce a market framework for human-computer interaction. This framework
is then applied in a case study on a financial market scenario. In particular,
we plan to conduct a NeuroIS experiment in which we analyze overall market
efficiency as well as the trading behavior and emotional responses of human
traders when they interact with computerized trading agents.}}

					

@Inproceedings{CitationKey,
author = {Astor, Philipp J. and Adam, Marc T. P. and Kr\"{a}mer, Jan},
title = {{Influence of emotional pictures on bidding behavior}},
booktitle = {2012 NeuroPsychoEconomics Conference Proceedings},
year = {2012},
address = {Rotterdam, Netherlands},
pages = {18},
editor = {Smidts, Ale and Sanfey, Alan and Reimann, Martin and Schilke, Oliver},
url =
{http://www.jnpe.org/upload/pdf/2012_NeuroPsychoEconomics_Conference_Proceedings.pdf}}

					

@Inproceedings{CitationKey,
author = {Fenton-O'Creevy, Mark and Conole, Grainne and Lins, Jeffrey and Peffer,
Gilbert and Adam, Marc and Lindley, Craig and Smidt, Ale and Clough, Gill and
Scanlon, Eileen},
title = {{A learning design to support the emotion regulation of investors}},
booktitle = {OECD-SEBI International Conference on Investor Education, Goa,
India, 3-4 February},
year = {2012},
url = {http://oro.open.ac.uk/32566/1/}}

					

@Inproceedings{CitationKey,
author = {Jercic, Petar and Astor, Philipp J. and Adam, Marc T. P. and Hilborn,
Olle and Schaaff, Kristina and Lindley, Craig and Sennersten, Charlotte and
Eriksson, Jeanette},
title = {{A serious game using physiological interfaces for emotion regulation
training in the context of financial decision-making}},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 20th European Conference on Information Systems
(ECIS)},
year = {2012},
address = {Barcelona, Spain},
pages = {1-14},
url = {http://aisel.aisnet.org/ecis2012/207/}}

					

@Inproceedings{CitationKey,
author = {Adam, Marc T. P. and Gamer, Matthias and Kr\"{a}mer, Jan and Weinhardt,
Christof},
title = {{Measuring Emotions in Electronic Markets}},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Systems
(ICIS)},
year = {2011},
address = {Shanghai, China},
pages = {1-19},
publisher = {Association of Information Systems},
note = {ISBN 978-0-615-55907-0},
url = {http://aisel.aisnet.org/icis2011/proceedings/breakthroughideas/1}}

					

@Inproceedings{CitationKey,
author = {Astor, Philipp J. and Adam, Marc T. P. and J\"{a}hnig, Caroline and
Seifert, Stefan},
title = {{Measuring Regret: Emotional Aspects of Auctions}},
booktitle = {2011 NeuroPsychoEconomics Conference Proceedings},
year = {2011},
address = {Munich, Germany},
pages = {27},
editor = {Reimann, Martin and Schilke, Oliver},
url =
{http://neuroeconomics-journal.com/upload/pdf/2011_NeuroPsychoEconomics_Conference_Proceedings.pdf}}

					

@Inproceedings{CitationKey,
author = {Astor, Philipp J. and Adam, Marc T. P. and J\"{a}hnig, Caroline and
Seifert, Stefan},
title = {{Measuring Regret: Emotional Aspects of Auction Design}},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 19th European Conference on Information Systems
(ECIS)},
year = {2011},
address = {Helsinki, Finland},
pages = {1129-1140},
url = {http://aisel.aisnet.org/ecis2011/88}}

					

@Inproceedings{CitationKey,
author = {Adam, Marc T. P. and Hagenau, M. and Neumann, D. and Weinhardt, C.},
title = {{Emotions in Electronic Auctions - A Physio-Economic Approach on
Information Systems}},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 16th European Conference on Information Systems
(ECIS)},
year = {2008},
address = {Galway, Ireland},
pages = {315-325},
url = {http://aisel.aisnet.org/ecis2008/192},
abstract = {Though auctions show a prevailing dominance in electronic markets,
our understanding of how auctions work on human behaviour is still rather limited.
In this paper we analyse the impact of emotional processes on the decision making
of human agents in electronic auctions. The analysis is based on a physio-economic
study, in which human agents take part in a Dutch auction experiment, while
their physiological parameters are recorded simultaneously. Parameters evaluated
in this study are the electrodermal activity and the heart rate of the experiment
participants. Based on the physiological results, we conclude that human agents
tend to cognitively set a price at which they want to end the auction, but once
they reach that specific price, they are tempted due to emotional processes
to wait a little longer in order to increase their nominal payoff. Further we
argue that the adaption of psychophysiological methodologies is not limited
to mechanism design, but can be of considerable assistance for successful design
of  nformation systems in general.}}

					

@Conference{CitationKey,
author = {Teubner, T. and Adam, M.T.P. and Weinhardt, C.},
title = {{The 2-person risk-game: playing games of no strategic interaction}},
booktitle = {Economic Science Association Conference},
year = {2012},
address = {New York City, USA}}

					

@Conference{CitationKey,
author = {Teubner, T. and Adam, M.T.P. and Weinhardt, C.},
title = {{Interpersonal Preferences under Risk: How Friends & Strangers Affect
Decision Making}},
booktitle = {Tagung der Gesellschaft f\"{u}r experimentelle Wirtschaftsforschung},
year = {2012},
address = {Karlsruhe, Germany}}

					

@Conference{CitationKey,
author = {Astor, Philipp J. and Adam, Marc T. P.},
title = {{Emotion Regulation and the Disposition Effect}},
booktitle = {Annual International Meeting of the Economic Science Association.},
year = {2012},
address = {New York, NY, USA}}

					

@Conference{CitationKey,
author = {Teubner, T. and Adam, Marc T. P. and Weinhardt, Christof},
title = {{Interpersonelle Effekte und Emotionen in Auktionen}},
booktitle = {Tagung der Gesellschaft f\"{u}r experimentelle Wirtschaftsforschung},
year = {2011},
address = {N\"{u}rnberg, Germany}}

					

@Conference{CitationKey,
author = {Astor, Philipp and Adam, Marc T. P. and Kr\"{a}mer, Jan},
title = {{Einfluss emotionaler Bilder auf das Bietverhalten}},
booktitle = {Tagung der Gesellschaft f\"{u}r experimentelle Wirtschaftsforschung},
year = {2011},
address = {N\"{u}rnberg, Germany}}

					

@Conference{CitationKey,
author = {Teubner, Timm and Adam, Marc T. P. and Weinhardt, Christof},
title = {{The 2-Person-Risk-Game}},
booktitle = {Tagung der Gesellschaft f\"{u}r experimentelle Wirtschaftsforschung},
year = {2011},
address = {N\"{u}rnberg, Germany}}

					

@Conference{CitationKey,
author = {Astor, Philipp J. and Adam, Marc T. P. and J\"{a}hnig, Caroline and
Seifert, Stefan},
title = {{An Experimental Study on Measuring Regret in First-Price Sealed-Bid
Auctions}},
booktitle = {International Economic Association 16th World Congress},
year = {2011},
address = {Tsinghua University, Beijing, China}}

					

@Conference{CitationKey,
author = {Astor, Philipp J. and Adam, Marc T. P. and Kr\"{a}mer, Jan},
title = {{Emotion Induction in Auctions}},
booktitle = {Annual International Meeting of the Economic Science Association},
year = {2011},
address = {Chicago, USA}}

					

@Conference{CitationKey,
author = {Adam, Marc T. P. and Kr\"{a}mer, Jan and Weinhardt, Christof},
title = {{Excitement and Time Pressure in Dutch Auctions}},
booktitle = {International Economic Association 16th World Congress},
year = {2011},
address = {Tsinghua University, Beijing, China}}

					

@Conference{CitationKey,
author = {Adam, Marc T. P.; Caspary, C.; Kr\"{a}mer, J.},
title = {{Emotionen und Zeitdruck in der Japanischen Auktion}},
booktitle = {Tagung der Gesellschaft f\"{u}r experimentelle Wirtschaftsforschung},
year = {2010},
address = {Luxembourg, Luxembourg}}

					

@Conference{CitationKey,
author = {Schweitzer, S.; Adam, M. T. P.},
title = {{Ein Experiment zu Bietgeb\"{u}hren in aufsteigenden Auktionen}},
booktitle = {Tagung der Gesellschaft f\"{u}r experimentelle Wirtschaftsforschung},
year = {2010},
address = {Luxembourg, Luxembourg},
pages = {2010}}

					

@Conference{CitationKey,
author = {J\"{a}hnig, Caroline and Adam, M. T. P.},
title = {{Can financial decision makers learn how to avoid emotion driven
mistakes?}},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Junior Researchers Conference of the European
Association for Research on Learning and Instruction (JURE)},
year = {2010},
address = {Frankfurt, Germany}}

					

@Conference{CitationKey,
author = {Adam, M. T. P. and Kr\"{a}mer, Jan and Weinhardt, Christof},
title = {{Towards Understanding Auction Fever}},
booktitle = {World Meeting of the Economic Science Association (ESA)},
year = {2010},
address = {Copenhagen, Denmark}}

					

@Conference{CitationKey,
author = {J\"{a}hnig, C. and Adam, M. T. P. and Seifert, S.},
title = {{Information and Anticipated Regret in First-price Sealed-bid Auctions}},
booktitle = {World Meeting of the Economic Science Association (ESA)},
year = {2010},
address = {Copenhagen, Denmark}}

					

@Conference{CitationKey,
author = {Adam, M. T. P. and Schweitzer, S.},
title = {{Bidding Fees and Escalation of Commitment in Ascending Auctions}},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 11th Group Decision and Negotiation Conference
(GDN)},
year = {2010},
address = {Delft, The Netherlands}}

					

@Conference{CitationKey,
author = {Adam, M. T. P. and Kr\"{a}mer, Jan and Weinhardt, Christof},
title = {{A Theory of Bid Protraction: Evidence from a Physioeconomic
Experiment}},
booktitle = {Tagung der Gesellschaft f\"{u}r experimentelle Wirtschaftsforschung},
year = {2009},
address = {Essen, Germany},
abstract = {Several previous experimental studies have discovered that seller's
revenue in Dutch auctions depends on the speed at which the standing price is
decreased: Slow Dutch auctions generally yield higher seller’s revenues than
fast Dutch auctions. This effect is commonly explained by the fact that auction
participants experience a “utility of suspense”, which last longer in slow Dutch
auctions, such that bidder’s are willing to accept higher prices there. In a
physioeconomic experiment, we show to the contrary that fast Dutch auctions
are more exciting to bidders. Furthermore, we provide physiological evidence
for an alternative explanation of the observed price differentials in Dutch
auctions with different clock speeds: Although bidders have in principle similar
perceptions about the price at which they intend to stop the clock in both
treatments, they refrain from bidding 2-3 seconds longer before they actually
stop the clock. This grace period is invariant of the clock-speed! However,
in this amount of time the standing price has decreased more at faster clock
speeds, which accurately explains the difference in final prices.}}

					

@Conference{CitationKey,
author = {Adam, Marc T.P. and Gamer, Matthias and Hey, Stefan and Ketter, Wolfgang
and Weinhardt and Christof},
title = {{Measuring the Impact of Emotions on Decision-Making in Electronic
Markets: A Physio-Economic Approach}},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 10th Group Decision and Negotiation Conference
(GDN)},
year = {2009},
address = {Toronto, Canada},
pages = {193-196}}

					

@Conference{CitationKey,
author = {Adam, Marc T.P. and Kr\"{a}mer, Jan and Weinhardt, Christof},
title = {{The Impact of Clock Speeds on Bidders' Arousal in Dutch Auctions}},
booktitle = {3rd Nordic Conference on Behavioral and Experimental Economics},
year = {2008},
address = {Copenhagen, Denmark},
abstract = {Previous experimental studies suggest that seller's revenue in Dutch
auctions depends on the speed at which the standing price

is decreased. This eect is commonly explained by the fact that auction speed
has a direct eect on bidders' utility of suspense. We provide experimental
evidence that dierent clock speeds indeed have an impact on bidders' emotional
arousal, which in turn influences market behavior and outcome. To this extend
a bidder's skin conductance levels have been measured while participating in
Dutch auctions with varying clock speeds. The main nding of our physio-economic
study is that the degree of emotional arousal is signicantly higher in fast
Dutch auctions. Thereby we provide evidence for the missing link between the
utility of suspense theory and truly experienced competitive arousal.}}

					

@Conference{CitationKey,
author = {Adam, Marc T.P. and Gnutzmann, Hinnerk and Weinhardt, Christof},
title = {{The Impact of Bidding Fees on Auction Fever - Research Proposal for
a Physio-Economic Experiment}},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 9th Group Decision and Negotiation Conference
(GDN)},
year = {2008},
address = {Coimbra, Portugal},
pages = {213-214}}

					

@Misc{CitationKey,
author = {Adam, M. T. P.; Kr\"{a}mer, Jan; Weinhardt, Christof; Ehrhart,
Karl-Martin},
title = {{Investigating Auction Fever}},
howpublished = {in: Dreier, T.; Kr\"{a}mer, J.; Studer, R.; Weinhardt, C. (eds.),
Information Management and Market Engineering: Vol. II Studies on eOrganisation
and Market Engineering. Karlsruhe: KIT Scientific Publishing. 141–157},
year = {2010},
note = {ISBN: 978-3-86644-589-5}}